Extending Calendar Life of Si-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries by a Localized High Concentration Electrolyte

Silicon (Si) is one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although significant progresses have been made on the cycle life of Si-based LIBs, their calendar-life is still far less than those required for electrical vehicle applications. Here, in this work, the fundamental mechanisms behind the limited calendar life of Si-LIBs have been investigated. It is found that the unstable interphase layers formed on electrodes during the formation/cycling of batteries using conventional electrolyte with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive are responsible for the rapid impedance-increase of Si-LIBs during storage at elevated temperature (55°C). By using an FEC-free localized high concentration electrolyte (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide:ethyl propionate:ethylene carbonate:1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (1:2.8:0.2:1 by mol.) with 1 wt.% lithium difluorophosphate), stable interphase layers formed on electrodes can effectively block the crosstalk between cathode and anode, minimize the impedance increase of Si||LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2 (NMC622) batteries during storage at elevated temperature (55°C), therefore largely improve their calendar life. Si||NMC622 batteries using this electrolyte also demonstrated a high-capacity retention of ~92.4% after 500 cycles at 45°C with well-preserved electrode structure. Hence, this novel electrolyte is a good candidate to extend the cycling life and calendar life of Si-LIBs.. Authors: Kim, Ju-Myung [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000308511959); Yi, Ran [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]; Cao, Xia [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000316104341); Xu, Yaobin [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000299453514); Engelhard, Mark [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000255430812). DOE Contract: AC05-76RL01830. Subjects: 25 ENERGY STORAGE