Synthesis of Si-Fe Chondrule-like Dust Analogues in RF Discharge Plasmas

Chondrules are tiny particles that occur in stony meteorites and are considered as the building blocks of early asteroids and planets. It is believed that they were formed by the fast heating of the dust in the solar nebula. To date, there is no lab-scale experimental study of the formation of chondrules from the initial gas phase precursors following fast heating and crystallisation. The motivation of this work is a pre-trial study of the formation of chnodrule-like particles. The formation of meteorites in the space environment is associated with the aggregation of small particles or molecular clouds under the influence of shock waves or high-energy gas discharges in the solar nebula. In this work, the properties of product formation at the nanoscale-level were investigated using different feedstock materials which are the dominant elements in the meteorite. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesised Si-Fe nanomaterials were analysed by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), and chemical composition was analysed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The identification of crystalline phases was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas the presence of an Fe-Si system in the synthesised particles was demonstrated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The obtained materials were exposed to the relatively high-energy pulsed plasma beam on the substrate with the aim to emulate the possible fast heating and melting of the formed nanoparticles. The formation steps of growing synthetic (engineered) chondro-like particles and nanostructures in laboratory conditions is discussed.. Authors: Baikaliyev, Akdaulet [Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan)] (ORCID:0009000056167131); Abdirakhmanov, Assan [Kazakh-British Technical University (Kazakhstan); Mons University (Belgium)] (ORCID:0000000166521923); Orazbayev, Sagi [Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan); Kazakh-British Technical University (Kazakhstan)]; Ussenov, Yerbolat [Kazakh-British Technical University (Kazakhstan); Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)]; Brodsky, Alexander [Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry (Kazakhstan)] (ORCID:0000000162164738). DOE Contract: AC02-09CH11466. Subjects: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; RF discharge; material characterisation; synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring chondrites