Nanosecond Structural Dynamics during Electrical Melting of Charge Density Waves in 1⁢T-TaS₂

Electrical control of charge density waves has been of immense interest, as the strong underlying electron-lattice interactions potentially open new, efficient pathways for manipulating their ordering and, consequently, their electronic properties. However, the transition mechanisms are often unclear as electric field, current, carrier injection, heat, and strain can all contribute and play varying roles across length scales and timescales. Here, we provide insight on how electrical stimulation melts the room temperature charge density wave order in 1T-TaS₂ by visualizing the atomic and mesoscopic structural dynamics from quasistatic to nanosecond pulsed melting. Using a newly developed ultrafast electron microscope setup with electrical stimulation, we reveal the order and strain dynamics during voltage pulses as short as 20 ns. The order parameter dynamics across a range of pulse amplitudes and durations support a thermally driven mechanism even for fields as high as 19 kV cm^-1. In addition, time-resolved imaging reveals a heterogeneous, mesoscopic strain response across the flake, including MHz-scale acoustic resonances that emerge during sufficiently short pulsed excitation which may modulate the order. In conclusion, these results suggest that metallic charge density wave phases like studied here may be more robust to electronic switching pathways than insulating ones, motivating further investigations at higher fields and currents in this and other related systems.. Authors: Durham, Daniel B. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000257806852); Gage, Thomas E. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000150908410); Horn, Connor P. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); University of Chicago, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000283854882); Ma, Xuedan [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)]; Liu, Haihua [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)]. DOE Contract: AC02-06CH11357. Subjects: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Charge density waves; Electrical properties; Electron microscopy; Lattice dynamics; Transition metal dichalcogenides; Transmission electron microscopy