Observation of critical scaling in spin glasses below T_c using thermoremanent magnetization

Time-dependent thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) studies have been instrumental in probing energy dynamics within the spin glass phase. In this paper, we review the evolution of the TRM experiment over the last half century and discuss some aspects related to how it has been used in the understanding of spin glasses. We also report on recent experiments using high-resolution DC SQUID magnetometry to probe the TRM at temperatures less than but near to the transition temperature T_c. These experiments have been performed as a function of waiting time, temperature, and five different magnetic fields. We find that as the transition temperature is approached from below, the characteristic time scale of TRM is suppressed up to several orders of magnitude in time. In the highest-temperature region, we find that the waiting time effect subsides, and a waiting time-independent crossover line is reached. We also find that increasing the magnetic field further suppresses the crossover line. Using a first-principles energy argument across the crossover line, we derive an equation that is an excellent fit to the crossover lines for all magnetic fields probed. The data show strong evidence for critical slowing down and an H = 0 Oe phase transition.. Authors: Kenning, Gregory G. [Indiana University of Pennsylvania, PA (United States); The University of Texas at Austin]; Brandt, M. [Indiana University of Pennsylvania, PA (United States)]; Brake, R. [Indiana University of Pennsylvania, PA (United States)]; Hepler, M. [Indiana University of Pennsylvania, PA (United States)]; Tennant, D. [University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)]. DOE Contract: SC0013599. Subjects: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; critical scaling; non-linear; spin glasses