Impact of Silicon Impurity on the Hydrometallurgical Recovery of NCM622 Cathode

Hydrometallurgy is one of the best approaches to date for recycling LIBs due to its high efficiency, low energy usage, and industrial scalability. However, impurities have always been a thorny issue because they could have unintended impacts on the recovered cathode materials. This research marks the first systematic investigation into the influence of silicon impurity on the LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (NCM622) cathode obtained from hydrometallurgical recycling. Here we find that silicon nanoparticles will be nucleated at the center of the precursor particles during co-precipitation synthesis, and the silicon core will slowly dissolve in the surrounding ammonia, creating a special hollow structure in the particle. More importantly, the dissolution of silicon impurity will eventually lead to the deposition of silicates in the cathode material, which is an unfavorable result. Test data indicate that NCM622 cathode with 5 at% silicon has a capacity of 148.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 1/3 C, approximately 10 mAh g⁻¹ lower than the virgin. Despite being relatively mild, the adverse influence of silicon impurity in hydrometallurgical recycling still requires attention.. Authors: Zheng, Yadong [Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA (United States)]; Yang, Zhenzhen [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000210733799); Wang, Yan [Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000310602956). DOE Contract: AC02-06CH11357. Subjects: 25 ENERGY STORAGE